To tie it together, let’s say you were to drive from Edinburgh to London (~500km). Adding one additional passenger travelling to the same location would halve emissions per passenger-kilometer. Driving a small Mini car emits 111 g CO 2eq per km while a large 4×4 car emits ~200 gCO 2eq per km. When driving, your emissions will depend mainly on which vehicle you use and the number of passengers. If you took the Eurostar in France instead of a short-haul flight, you’d cut your journey’s footprint by around 96%. For example, France has a very ‘green’ electricity mix: more than 90% of its electricity comes from low-carbon sources – ~70% from nuclear. If your electricity is supplied by nuclear or renewable energy instead of coal, electric vehicles and electric rail are even more efficient. The carbon intensity of your local electrical grid matters too. If you’re travelling moderate distances (1000 kilometers or an international flight), then flying would actually have a slightly lower carbon footprint per kilometer than driving alone over the same distance. Between the two, which is better depends on the distance travelled. Taking a flight or driving alone are the most carbon-intensive options. 3 What if you can’t walk or cycle, or you need to travel longer distances and can’t take a train? While not in the chart, the carbon footprint of cycling one kilometer is usually in the range of 16 to 50 grams CO 2eq per km depending on how efficiently you cycle and what you eat. Over short to medium distances, walking or cycling are nearly always the lowest carbon way to travel. However, there can be wide variation in emissions depending primarily on a) the length of your trip, b) the source of electricity in your local grid, c) the occupancy of public transport and d) in the case of driving - your vehicle and number of passengers. Using a train instead of a domestic flight would reduce your emissions by ~84%. Taking a train instead of a car for medium-length distances would cut your emissions by ~80%.
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Using a bike instead of a car for short trips would reduce your travel emissions by ~75%. 2 Overall, the most efficient ways to travel are via walking, bicycle, or train. Greenhouse gases are measured in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO 2eq), meaning they also account for non-CO 2 greenhouse gases and the increased warming effects of aviation emissions at high altitudes. This data is sourced from the UK Government’s methodology paper for greenhouse gas reporting, widely used by companies to quantify and report their emissions. These are measured by the amount of greenhouse gases emitted per person to travel one kilometer. In the chart here we see the comparison of travel modes by their carbon footprint. If you need to travel – either locally or abroad – what is the lowest-carbon way to do so? 1 In some countries – often richer countries with populations that travel often – transport can be one of the largest segments of an individual’s carbon footprint.
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Transport accounts for around one-fifth of global carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions.